Identifying mechanisms able to sustain costly cooperation among self-interested agents is a central problem across social and biological sciences.One possible solution is peer punishment: when agents have an Accessories opportunity to sanction defectors, classical behavioral experiments suggest that cooperation can take root.Overlooked from standar
Chemical and agronomical control of volunteer plants is difficult, especially in reduced-input cropping systems where feeding by natural herbivores may become an important cause of their mortality.The consumption of the early growth stages of winter oilseed rape (Brassica MASTURBATOR napus L.ssp.napus) by five species of ground-surface invertebrate
Magnetic reconnection is a key process that drives the energy release in solar flares.This process can occur at multiple locations along the coronal loop.The reconnection generates energetic electrons capable of exciting wave modes and emissions as they propagate through the loop.In this follow-up study, we investigate the influence of the injectio
Neutrophils have recently been proposed as cells with high functional plasticity and are involved in the pathogenesis of infections, malignancy, and autoimmune diseases.However, less is known about the role of neutrophil in humoral response.In this study, we examined the Mud Pie Baby importance of neutrophils and the neutrophil-derived DAMP protein
Seven of the most frequent spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are caused by a pathological expansion of a cytosine, adenine and guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat located in exonic regions of unrelated genes, which in turn leads to the synthesis of polyglutamine (polyQ) proteins.PolyQ proteins are prone to aggregate and form intracellular inclusions, w